Keibul Lamjao National Park: The World's Only Floating Wildlife Sanctuary

Keibul Lamjao National Park, located in the northeastern state of Manipur, India, is the only floating national park in the world. Situated in the Bishnupur district, this unique ecological wonder covers an area of approximately 40 square kilometers and is an integral part of Loktak Lake, the largest freshwater lake in northeastern India. The park is renowned for its phumdis (floating biomass) and is the last natural habitat of the endangered Sangai deer (Rucervus eldii eldii), also known as the dancing deer of Manipur.

A Floating Marvel: The Phumdis of Keibul Lamjao

The most fascinating feature of Keibul Lamjao is its floating phumdis, which are thick, mat-like vegetation masses made of decomposing plant matter. These phumdis float on the lake’s surface due to the buoyancy provided by trapped air and water, forming a unique ecosystem that supports a variety of wildlife. Some of these phumdis are so dense that they can even support the weight of large mammals like the Sangai deer.

The phumdis go through a natural cycle—during the dry season, they absorb water and rest on the lake bed, while in the monsoon, and they rise and float again, maintaining the delicate balance of this ecosystem. However, environmental changes and human activities have started to threaten their existence.

Flora and Fauna of Keibul Lamjao

Despite its small size, the park boasts rich biodiversity and serves as a sanctuary for many species of flora and fauna.

 

1. Fauna

• Sangai Deer (Rucervus eldii eldii): The crown jewel of Keibul Lamjao, the Sangai is an endemic and highly endangered subspecies of the brow-antlered deer. It is revered in Manipuri culture and is considered the state animal of Manipur. The deer’s unique ability to walk gracefully on the floating phumdis gives it the name “Dancing Deer.”
• Other Mammals: Wild boar, hog deer, large Indian civet, jungle cat, and flying fox are found in the park.
• Avian Life: The Park is home to over 100 species of birds, including the lesser whistling duck, kingfishers, herons, and the endangered hooded crane.
• Aquatic Life: Loktak Lake supports a variety of fish species, amphibians, and reptiles such as water snakes, turtles, and frogs.

2. Flora

Keibul Lamjao is dominated by aquatic plants like water hyacinths and water lilies. The phumdis consist of dense reeds, grasses, and wetlands that provide food and shelter for the wildlife. The dominant plant species include Saccharum, Phragmites, and Eichhornia.

The Conservation Efforts and Challenges

Despite its ecological significance, Keibul Lamjao faces multiple challenges:

1. Threats to Sangai Deer – Poaching, habitat degradation, and shrinking phumdis pose a serious risk to the Sangai population, which is estimated to be around 260 individuals as per recent surveys.
2. Human Encroachment – The growth of human settlements and increased fishing activities around Loktak Lake disturb the park’s delicate balance.
3. Pollution and Water Quality Issues – Waste dumping and pollution from surrounding areas threaten the lake’s ecosystem.
4. Climate Change Impact – Changes in rainfall patterns and water levels affect the stability of the phumdis.

To address these challenges, the Manipur Forest Department, along with various environmental organizations, has been working on conservation programs such as:

• Strict anti-poaching laws
• Community-based eco-tourism initiatives
• Loktak Lake rejuvenation projects
• Awareness campaigns to protect the Sangai deer

Tourism and How to Visit

Keibul Lamjao National Park is a paradise for nature lovers, wildlife enthusiasts, and photographers. Visitors can enjoy:

• Boating Safaris – Explore the floating phumdis and spot the Sangai deer.
• Birdwatching – Witness the diverse avian species in their natural habitat.
• Trekking and Eco-Tours – Experience the park’s beauty up close.

Best Time to Visit

The ideal time to visit is between November and March, when the weather is pleasant and wildlife sightings are more frequent.

How to Reach

• By Air: The nearest airport is Imphal International Airport (around 50 km away).
• By Rail: The nearest railway station is Dimapur in Nagaland, from where one can travel by road.
• By Road: Keibul Lamjao is well connected by road from Imphal (about 50 km).

Conclusion

Keibul Lamjao National Park is not just a wildlife sanctuary—it is a symbol of Manipur’s rich biodiversity, culture, and environmental significance. Home to the endangered Sangai deer, this floating national park is a true marvel that must be preserved for future generations. With increased conservation efforts and sustainable tourism, Keibul Lamjao can continue to thrive as a unique natural heritage of India.

So, if you love nature and want to witness something truly extraordinary, Keibul Lamjao should be on your travel bucket list!

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